example of simple questions and key ( created by : Lily Hayati )

Indicators : Choose the best arrangement to make a correct sentence!
1. returned – to – this book – the date above – must – library – by – be – the
       1            2         3                  4                     5         6          7     8       9
a. 9 – 6 – 5 – 8 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 7 – 4
b. 9 – 6 – 8 – 5 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 7 – 4
c. 3 – 8 – 5 – 1 – 2 – 9 – 6 – 7 – 4
d. 3 – 5 – 8 – 1 – 2 – 9 – 6 – 7 – 4

2. is – The – dog – the ground – ore – out of – usually
    1       2      3          4               5         6          7
a. 2 – 5 – 1 – 7 – 3 – 6 – 4
b. 2 – 3 – 1 – 6 – 7 – 4 – 5
c. 2 – 5 – 7 – 3 – 1 – 6 – 4
d. 2 – 3 – 6 – 1 – 7 – 4 – 5

Indicators  : yes or no questions.
3. “Did you watch Lawyers Club program last night?”
“No, I didn’t. What about you?”
“________. “
a. I didn’t too
b. So didn’t I
c. I did either
d. Neither did I

4. “Our classmates are going to join the tour.”
“________.”
a. So am I
b. So I am
c. I do too
d. Am I too

Indicators : showing expressions
5. Jaka : “Is it alright if I park my car here?”
      Eta : “I’m sorry, that’s not allowed.”
From the italicized utterance, we know that Jaka’s permission is _______.
a. Accepted by Eta
b. Refused by Eta
c. Interrupted
d. Agreed by Eta

6. Thasya : which do you prefer, banana or star fruit?
     Lia : I’d rather have star fruit than banana.
The italicized words express ________.
a. Intention
b. Invitation
c. Preference
d. Offer

Indicators : students must be able to analysis of short text.
TEXT 1
Dear,
Hi! My name is Lily Hayati. I’m the winner of an English Poetry Reading Competition in selatpanjang. I live in seelatpanjang . I was very happy to meet ana and ani on early august  . I’m very comfortable speaking English with you. I have one question for Kang Guru when I can invite KG to our school in SMP N.1  in there.

Lily Hayati

selatpanjang

7. Who is the winner of an English Poetry Reading Competition in selatpanjang?
a. ana and ani
b. Lily Hayati
c. Lily’s friends
d. Lily’s teacher

8. When did Lily met ana and ani?
a. Before an English Poetry Reading Competition
b. When Lily invited Kang Guru
c. On early August 2014
d. When ana and ani came

9. Which statement is TRUE based on the letter above?
a. ana and ani have one question for Kang Guru
b. ana and ani live in pekanbaru
c. Lily Hayati is not the winner of an English Poetry Reading Competition
d. The writer of the letter is Lily Hayati

Indicators : to analysis of descriptive text
TEXT 2
ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
Animals are widely used in laboratories. Mice, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys are a few examples of animals used by researchers and scientists for scientific and medical purposes. Scientists use the animals to investigate biological processes in humans and animals, to study the causes of diseases, to test drugs, vaccines, and surgical techniques, and to evaluate the safety of chemical used in pesticides, cosmetics, and other products.

Many chemical functions like human so that they can be good models to understand the human body. Some animals suffer from the same diseases as humans do. Animals also carry a number of genes that are identical to human genes. With those similarities, scientists are able to learn much about the human body by studying the animals.

10. What do researchers and scientists do in laboratories?
a. Make drugs
b. Do experiment
c. Take care of animals
d. Give medical treatment

11. Scientists learn about the human body by studying ________.
a. Certain animals
b. Human body itself
c. All kinds of animals
d. All living things

12. “. . . . . . . . . . so that they can be good models to understand human body.” What does the bold typed word refer to?
a. Animals
b. Functions
c. Humans
d. Genes

Indicators : analysis of invitation text
TEXT 3
To: Emmy Suliastiningsih

I will be glad if you want to come to my 15th birthday party. It will be held:
Date : October 28th 2010
Time : 5:00 p.m
Place : Jl. Raya Baruga No. 26, pekanbaru

Yours truly,

Rahmi Handayani

15. Who will have a birthday party on October,28th 2010?
a. Emmy
b. Emmy’s sister
c. Rahmi
d. Emmy and Rahmi

16. How old will Rahmi be in on October, 28th 2012?
a. Fifteen
b. Sixteen
c. Seventeen
d. Eighteen

17. When will the party be held?
a. In the morning
b. In the afternoon
c. At noon
d. At night

Indicators : how to using modals in sentences
18. Dion ________ play tennis than volley ball.
a. prefer
b. would rather
c. would
d. would like

Indicators : analysis of sentences structure
19. Ann has four books and a couple of pens. This sentence means _______.
a. She has more books than pens
b. She has more pens than books
c. She has fewer books than pens
d. She has as many as pens as books

20. Yesterday, Mike and I went to buy two bags. Mike’s bag is _______ as mine.
a. more expensive
b. bigger
c. larger
d. as expensive

Indicators : using past perfect  continues tense
21. Please be quite. I _______ to concentrate.
a. tried
b. am trying
c. was trying
d. will try

Indicators : using present future tense
22. Tomorrow, she _______ to UK.
a. will go
b. went
c. gone
d. has gone

Indicators : using past continues teense
23. Last week, I _______ a job at a local bank, but I didn’t accept it.
a. was offering
b. was offered
c. was to offer
d. was offers

24. About ten percent of the earth’s land area, or nearly 5,8 million square miles, ________ by glacial ice.
a. were covered
b. has covered
c. to be covered
d. is covered

Indicators : using past perfect future tense
25. Madona ________ a single concert next October  in Jakarta.
a. will have
b. will be had
c. will be
d. has

example of scholarship letters ( created by : Lily Hayati )

                                                                                 SELATPANJANG, MERANTI REGENCY
                                                                                                     Jl. DORAK NO. 01
                                                                                     SELATPANJANG , TEBING TINGGI
December 5, 2014
Scholarship Committee: Human Resources of Meranti Regency.
The value of education is something that I have understood since a very young age. Neither of my parents had an opportunity to attend college, and faced many struggles in their personal and professional lives because of this. They made a commitment early in my life to do everything within their power to instill in me a love of learning and an understanding of the importance of hard work and dedication.

In my last education of ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF RIAU , in pekanbaru, I have 3,9 Grade-point average and have been named salutatorian of my graduating class. In addition to focusing on my own studies . I also worked as a math and English course ant tutor through my years in my college.

Additionally, I have also been active in my college and community outside of the classroom, serving on the English student association  for two years, and committee of students seminar national and international in English department.

My family has made many sacrifices to allow me to focus on education throughout skills and my ability in English . I now have an opportunity to become the first person in my family to attend master in my study , though I'm in need of financial assistance to realize what has been a long-term goal for me and a dream for my parents.

If selected for this scholarship, I will continue to apply the same diligence to my collegiate studies as I have to this point, making education and service to others my top priority. I will represent your organization well during my years in college and beyond. Thank you in advance for your consideration.

Sincerely,


( Lily Hayati )

agriculture essay sample ( created by : Lily Hayati )

Agriculture Essay Sample

Agriculture is very important branch of economy for the majority of developing countries. Production of the agricultural products is the main source of currency for developing countries and currency is necessary for buying some machines and equipment for development of agriculture. It is like a circle. That is why/ we all know about very difficult situation with food in developing countries. Acute food crisis in developing countries (for example in African or Latin America countries) continues to threaten the population. Scientists say that malnutrition has very negative results for physical and mental state of the people. Malnutrition can reduce resistance diseases and it raises infant mortality. About 100 thousands children lose their sight because of the shortage of A – vitamin. When in such conditions family has more than one child (it is usual situation for developing countries) as a result we can see the raise of infant mortality. 63% of the Peruvian families cannot earn enough money for rational food.

If we look at the situation during some years, we will see some improvements in countries of Latin America and Near East, but the situation is getting worse in African countries. Today, infant mortality in developing countries is 6-17 times higher than in developed ones. UN data show that only in 1989 more than 500 thousands children died of starvation.

There are a lot of reasons of starvation in developing countries. It is very interesting that in some countries of Africa and South Asia women and children are not allowed to eat with men. First of all, men eat and than women and children, you can imagine what is left after men. Then, of course, it is drought. We can imagine events like a chain: drought leads to starvation, starvation leads to many problems: people leave their villages and go to the cities, but cities have not necessary structure and enough amount of working places (increase of unemployment), besides, we can see increase of emigration. And there is a problem of demographic situation. Increment of population is too quick. There is no such amount of food to feed so many people. That is why governments of the developing countries try to introduce a policy of birth-rate control.

There is a question, why people die of starvation if they have so comfortable nature and climatic conditions. The major part of the “Third World” countries is, so called, Best Land. It is always very warm in tropics, there is a lot of sunshine, humidity, there are huge agrarian tracts, warm seas and a great amount of lakes. But the real situation is not so perfect.

The climate is very unpredictable, rains fall only during one season of the year, they lead to floods. During the other seasons of the year sun dries up the ground and plants and if there is no watering, it will be very small harvest. The hard winds lead to erosion of soil. A real tragedy for tropic Africa is the fly, which does not allow to breed cattle. Typhoons and tsunami cause a great damage to agriculture. The major part of the territory consists of deserts, mountains, jungle, marshes and of other lands, which can not be used in agricultural purposes. And as for the water resources, developing countries have less water than developed ones.

Now developed countries think about the economical development of the “Third World” countries. They try to precipitate this process of the development with the help of capital investments.

Foreign countries are not satisfied with agricultural and raw material specialization of developing countries, very low level of cultivation industry, very narrow inner market, because they are interesting in the sale of their goods. Foreign companies invest their capitals in the cultivation industry. These capitals are given to the developing countries on very suitable terms as for the terms of redemption, discount rate and so on. The international companies control the great part of export goods. They hold very strong position in economy of different developing countries. There are more than 30 thousands branches (offices of foreign companies in the developing countries, more than 20 thousands of American offices, more than 6 thousands of English offices, more than 3 thousands of Japanese offices.

Competing one with another about the attraction of the foreign capitals, developing countries have to give the great privileges to the foreign companies, different discounts, which connected with the taxation, income, limitation of import goods, terms and others. Foreign countries facilitate the usage of the natural resources, help to raise the government capital, export, employment.

The relationship of the foreign capital with the economy of the developing countries is not perfect. On the one hand, all relations in the economical sector are conducted by the development of the world economy. Foreign companies are more technically developed and they have more opportunities for investments than national companies. On the other hand, foreign companies are alien to the developing countries economy, they are orientated more towards the foreign (outside) market than towards the inner market. Foreign capital influences on the agricultural development of the ‘Third World’ countries in different ways. It participates in fund making that facilitates the raise of the industry. With the help of the foreign capital in developing countries were made different industrial companies, oil-processing companies. Foreign capital helps to the local businesses, financially and technically. Also foreign investments facilitate the development of commodity-money relations that stimulates development of the good production.

In the majority of cases foreign investments are attracted to those branches of economy, where developing countries cannot do anything it selves.

The usual form of the legal regulation of the foreign investments is the investment’s codes, they consist of different points about different forms of income, discounts, percentage and others.

Foreign companies, which have some business activities in the young developing countries, get higher income from their investments.

Now I would like to say some words about the traditional family structure. During 70-s the birth-rate level in developing countries was more than two times higher than in developed countries. The reasons of so high birth-rate are in social and economical conditions. We can name some factors, which can facilitate the tendency of having many children, first of all, it is a high infant mortality, early marriages, a strong desire of parents to ensure their old age. Scientists consider that raise of marriage age will facilitate the birth-rate reduce.

There are different government programs about this problem in some countries. The religious traditions and customs facilitate the high birth-rate. For example, Moslemism make people to have many children, to get married very early, to have a lot of wives, it forbids people to live without wife and children.

There are different tribal religions, which are connected with cult of ancestors, they also facilitate having a lot of children, they blame single men and unmarried women. Now, we can see, that the religious traditions are getting weaker, the reasons of this process are development of education, urbanization and others, but still the religious traditions influence very hard on the people psychology, especially in the birth-rate. The high birth-rate in the developing countries also is connected with very low social position of woman in society and in family.

There are different programs of the family planning and of the family reduction of the birth-rate. In some countries, for example, in India, Egypt, Brazil, measures of the birth-rate control are declared the government policy. There are different social and economical measures in different countries, they include financial assignation for the birth-rate control programs.

The government efforts and different non-government organizations efforts, which try to reduce the high birth-rate, face difficulties connected with the archaic relations in the society, with very strong influence of religion and with the poverty of the population.

References:
1. Luttle J., Scitovsky T., Scott M. Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries. A Comparative Study, L., 1989.
2.World Economic Survey, 1984.
3.The State of Food and Agriculture, Rome, 1994.
4.FAO. Agriculture: Toward 2000. Finance and Development., N.Y. 2000.
5.Teriba O. and Kayode O. Industrial Development in Nigeria: Patterns, Problems and Perspectives. Ibadan., 1994.
6.Gunnar Myrdal. Asian Drama. N. Y., 1998.
7.Tamas Szentes. The Political Economy of Underdevelopment. N. Y., 1994.
8.Trade and Development Report, 1984.
9.Survey of Economic and Social Conditions in Africa, Conakry, 1990.
10.Commob Security. A Program for Disarmament., L. 1996.